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Is evaluating complementary and alternative medicine equivalent to evaluating the absurd?

Authors: Greasley PeteJournal: Evaluation & the health professionsPublished: June 1, 2010DOI: 10.1177/0163278710361923
Preliminary EvidenceQualitative

In Plain Language

Complementary and alternative therapies such as reflexology and acupuncture have been the subject of numerous evaluations, clinical trials, and systematic reviews, yet the empirical evidence in support of their efficacy remains equivocal. The empirical evaluation of a therapy would normally assume a plausible rationale regarding the mechanism of action. However, examination of the historical background and underlying principles for reflexology, iridology, acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, and some herbal medicines, reveals a rationale founded on the principle of analogical correspondences, which is a common basis for magical thinking and pseudoscientific beliefs such as astrology and chiromancy. Where this is the case, it is suggested that subjecting these therapies to empirical evaluation may be tantamount to evaluating the absurd.

Key Findings: what this qualitative study found

  • ✓Despite numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews, empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of complementary and alternative therapies like reflexology remains equivocal.
  • ✓Reflexology and similar therapies are founded on the principle of analogical correspondences, which is the same logical basis used in magical thinking and pseudoscientific beliefs such as astrology.
  • ✓Subjecting therapies with non-plausible mechanisms of action to empirical evaluation may be methodologically problematic and equivalent to evaluating fundamentally absurd propositions.

What This Means for You

Be cautious: many complementary therapies lack a scientifically plausible explanation for how they work, and despite numerous studies, evidence for their effectiveness remains unclear.

What This Means for Practitioners

Consider developing and communicating evidence-based explanations for reflexology's mechanisms rather than relying on analogical correspondence principles that lack scientific support.

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Common questions about this study

What does this study mean in practice?

Be cautious: many complementary therapies lack a scientifically plausible explanation for how they work, and despite numerous studies, evidence for their effectiveness remains unclear.

What did this study find?

Despite numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews, empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of complementary and alternative therapies like reflexology remains equivocal. Reflexology and similar therapies are founded on the principle of analogical correspondences, which is the same logical basis used in magical thinking and pseudoscientific beliefs such as astrology. Subjecting therapies with non-plausible mechanisms of action to empirical evaluation may be methodologically problematic and equivalent to evaluating fundamentally absurd propositions.

How strong is this evidence?

This is a qualitative study and we rate its evidence preliminary. It was published in Evaluation & the health professions. This study is indexed here for context; it did not test reflexology itself.

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