Non-pharmacological analgesia strategies in adult and elderly endovascular procedures: a scoping review
Moderate EvidenceIn Plain Language
To identify the main non-pharmacological analgesia strategies used in clinical practice in adult and elderly endovascular procedures. scoping review, undertaken in July 2021, on 12 national and international data sources. The recommendations of the JBI and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist were followed. Thirteen studies were selected to compose the sample, with no time or language cut-off. the main non-pharmacological strategies found were cold compress, use of music, and reflexology. The most prevalent procedures were coronary angiography, peripheral venous catheterization, and femoral catheter removal. Pain measurement by Visual Numeric Scale and Visual Analog Scale described pain reduction in adults and elderly. the main non-pharmacological strategies found were cold compress, use of music, and reflexology, which reduce pain in adults and the elderly.
Key Findings: what this systematic review found
- ✓Cold compress, music therapy, and reflexology were identified as the three main non-pharmacological analgesia strategies used in endovascular procedures for adults and elderly patients.
- ✓Pain reduction from non-pharmacological interventions was measured and documented using Visual Numeric Scale and Visual Analog Scale across both adult and elderly populations.
- ✓Coronary angiography, peripheral venous catheterization, and femoral catheter removal were the most common endovascular procedures studied in relation to non-pharmacological pain management.
What This Means for You
Reflexology appears to help reduce pain during vascular procedures based on a review of multiple studies, though the evidence is moderate quality and more research is still needed.
What This Means for Practitioners
Reflexology is recognized as an effective non-pharmacological pain management strategy for endovascular procedures and can be integrated into clinical practice alongside cold therapy and music.
Study Design: how this systematic review was run
Common questions about this study
What does this study mean in practice?
Reflexology appears to help reduce pain during vascular procedures based on a review of multiple studies, though the evidence is moderate quality and more research is still needed.
What did this study find?
Cold compress, music therapy, and reflexology were identified as the three main non-pharmacological analgesia strategies used in endovascular procedures for adults and elderly patients. Pain reduction from non-pharmacological interventions was measured and documented using Visual Numeric Scale and Visual Analog Scale across both adult and elderly populations. Coronary angiography, peripheral venous catheterization, and femoral catheter removal were the most common endovascular procedures studied in relation to non-pharmacological pain management.
How strong is this evidence?
This is a systematic review and we rate its evidence moderate. It covers 13 participants. It was published in Revista brasileira de enfermagem. This study is indexed here for context; it did not test reflexology itself.
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