Reflexology Research & Science
Does reflexology work? The honest answer from 808 peer-reviewed studies: the evidence is mixed and mostly early-stage. 245 are randomized controlled trials and 221 are systematic reviews or meta-analyses. The strongest signals are for relaxation, anxiety, and pain, not for curing disease. Every study is below, graded by evidence strength and pulled from PubMed.
808 studies · page 38 of 68
Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder.
This paper reviews current treatment approaches for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), a condition that causes shoulder stiffness and pain. The authors examined various treatment options including physical therapy, injections, and surgery to understand what works best for patients with this condition.
limited evidence
Q1 JournalThe effects of reflexology on symptoms in pregnancy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
The study reviewed the effects of reflexology on pregnant women, examining 13 trials to see how it impacted various symptoms such as labor pain and anxiety. It found that reflexology may be beneficial for reducing labor pain and anxiety but indicated that evidence for other benefits like alleviating fatigue and improving sleep quality is limited. This suggests that while reflexology might help some pregnant women, more rigorous studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness in other areas.
Unraveling the Mechanisms of Manual Therapy: Modeling an Approach.
This study discusses how manual therapy, including reflexology, is often used for pain relief but lacks strong evidence to support its effectiveness. The researchers emphasize the need for a model to better understand how these therapies can work by considering both patient and therapist interactions. This insight is important as it can help improve the design of future studies and treatment methods.
Foot Reflexology: An Intervention for Pain and Nausea Among Inpatients With Cancer.
This study explored the effects of foot reflexology on pain and nausea in cancer patients. The researchers found that reflexology significantly reduced pain levels compared to standard nursing care, although its effect on nausea was not statistically significant but suggested some improvement. This may indicate reflexology could be a beneficial complementary therapy for managing pain in cancer patients.
Osteopathic manipulation as a complementary treatment for the prevention of cardiac complications: 12-Months follow-up of intima media and blood pressure on a cohort affected by hypertension.
Researchers studied whether osteopathic manipulation could help people with high blood pressure prevent heart complications over 12 months. They measured changes in blood vessel thickness and blood pressure in a group of hypertensive patients, though the study lacked a control group for comparison.
Reported treatment strategies for reflexology in cardiac patients and inconsistencies in the location of the heart reflex point: an online survey
Reflexology texts are inconsistent with regard to the location of the heart point and contradictory with regard to the correct reflexology approach to cardiac patients. We aimed to determine the impact of these inconsistencies on the practice of Association of Reflexologists (AoR) members. Online survey of AoR members. Respondents' beliefs and practises mirror the inconsistencies in reflexology teaching literature and marked inconsistencies exist in the heart reflex point placement. Professional clarification around the heart reflex point location and further clinical research is urgently needed to establish the appropriateness of reflexology techniques for cardiac patients.
Demographics, training, and practice patterns of practitioners of folk medicine in Taiwan: a survey of the Taipei metropolitan area
The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographics, training, and practice patterns of folk medicine practitioners, their opinions toward statutory regulation of folk medicine, and the formal education and credentialing for folk medicine providers in the metropolitan Taipei area. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Included in the survey were 200 folk medicine practitioners in Taipei city and 200 folk medicine practitioners in Taipei county. The survey questionnaire consisted of 3 domains including demographics and training; practice patterns; and opinions toward statutory regulation of folk medicine and formal education and credentialing for Tuina, Ba Guan, Gua Sha, and reflexology providers. The response rates ranged from 86.3% to 99.5%. A typical folk medicine provider in the Taipei metropolitan area was a middle-aged man with a high school degree who worked about 50 hours a week. The majority of the providers in the Taipei metropolitan area received their training through apprenticeship. Years of training and experience varied widely among these practitioners. About 80% had received more than one year of training prior to starting their practice. Adult men and women were their major clientele. The major treatment modalities they offered were Tuina, Gua Sha, Ba Guan, reflexology, and meridian massage. The majority of the respondents agreed that practitioners should receive formal education and training and agreed that certifying the qualifications of folk medicine practitioners is necessary. Findings from the present survey provide an understanding of the training and practice patterns of Taiwanese folk medicine practitioners, highlight folk medicine practitioners' needs for formal education and training, and stress the importance of statutory regulation of folk medicine in Taiwan.
Complementary therapists and cancer patient care: developing a regional network to promote co-operation, collaboration, education and patient choice
Complementary therapies, particularly aromatherapy, reflexology and relaxation techniques are increasingly valued by cancer patients. However, many health professionals doubt their value, and often question whether therapists claim inappropriate benefits, lack understanding of cancer-related issues and pose a potential danger to patients. The Lynda Jackson Macmillan Centre for Cancer Support and Information, which has provided therapies since 1993, explored some of these issues and attempted to identify common areas of interest, possible collaboration, and an additional source of meeting patient needs. Two hundred and fifty questionnaires were sent to aromatherapists and reflexologists within the region served by the hospital to: (1) identify and profile interested therapists; (2) assess the need for cancer-related educational programmes; and (3) address some of the professionals' concerns. One hundred and four responses described work patterns, qualifications, cancer-related experience, the contribution of therapies to cancer care and interest in cancer-related training. A lack of information on cancer was identified. Therapists appeared to be working sensitively, even over-cautiously, and misgivings concerning this group appeared to be unfounded. Subsequent workshops resulted in a therapists' network, whose members collaborate with the centre in various ways. Patients and carers appreciate access to therapists informed about cancer, treatments and related issues.
Complementary cancer care in Southampton: a survey of staff and patients
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by one in ten of the UK population yearly and 47% during their lifetime. One-third of cancer patients seek some form of CAM treatment during their illness. To evaluate the use of and attitudes to CAM among patients and all healthcare staff in the Southampton Cancer Care Directorate (UK). The Royal South Hants Hospital, Countess Mountbatten and Oakhaven Hospices. A questionnaire-based survey performed between January 2001 and March 2001. Two hundred and seventy questionnaires were distributed to patients and 162 responses received. The distribution of cancers within this population was generally typical of those in the community. Thirty-two percent (n = 52) were receiving some form of CAM, half of those receiving CAM were in hospice care. Forty-nine percent of those not receiving CAM would like to, and 76% of all patients would be prepared to pay for this treatment. The five most popular treatments were massage, nutrition, aromatherapy, relaxation and reflexology. While most patients expected CAM to palliate their symptoms (n = 149, 92%), some had unrealistic expectations that CAM would cure their cancer (n = 13, 8%). Four hundred and forty-eight staff questionnaires were distributed and 196 responses were received: 148 (75.5%) from nurses. Twenty-one percent of staff responding had CAM training and two-thirds would like to receive training. The most popular therapies used by staff were the same as those identified by the patients. Ninety-nine percent of staff and 98.5% of patients wished to see CAM treatments introduced into service provision within the Cancer Care Directorate. The use of CAM for cancer care in Southampton is widespread and consistent with its use nationally. There is a clearly expressed need for CAM treatments by patients and a willingness to pay. Two-thirds of the cancer care staff responding wished to receive training in and provide these therapies. There are some misconceptions among pati
Populational Uses of Complementary Therapies via a Digital Platform in France: Motivations and Needs
Background: Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) encompasses over 400 modalities, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2011, 70% of the European Union's population reported having used CIM at least once, with 25% using it annually. This study examines the engagement, motivations, and satisfaction of users in the French health care system through data from Medoucine, France's largest online platform for complementary therapies. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted using Medoucine's database from 2017 to 2023, adhering to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Data were sourced from practitioner profiles, appointment logs, and patient comments collected at baseline (day 0, J0) and follow-up (day 30, J30). Survey questions, including "What type of complementary therapy are you seeking?" provided clarity on how CIM therapies were introduced. The study included a "recommendation question" at baseline to evaluate satisfaction: "Would you recommend this practitioner to your friends and family?". Response rates varied between 10% and 67%, depending on the question. Categorical variables were analyzed as percentages. Results: Among 225,251 platform users, 67.7% (152,464) responded to the recommendation question at J0, 15% (33,823) reported health improvements at J30, and 10% (22,596) discovered sustainable health strategies. Most users were women (68.6%). Key motivations included well-being and personal development (17.4%), stress, anxiety, and phobias (17.1%), and sleep disorders (7%). Hypnosis (15%), traditional Chinese medicine (8.4%), and reflexology (6.7%) were the most commonly selected modalities. At J30, 74.8% reported health improvements, with notable benefits for well-being (80.7%) and stress (76.3%). Conclusion: This study underscores the growing demand for CIM therapies in France, driven by a need for stress relief, personal development, and physical and psychological h
Changes in public awareness of, attitudes to, and use of complementary therapy in North East Scotland: surveys in 1993 and 1999
To assess changes in awareness of, use of, attitudes to, and opinions about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) amongst residents of North East Scotland and to obtain details about CAM use from respondents. Population survey carried out in 1999, 6 years after the initial study. Postal survey to 800 people to examine eight CAMs; acupuncture, aromatherapy, chiropractic, herbalism, homeopathy, hypnotherapy, osteopathy, and reflexology. A total of 432/800 (54%) responded, of whom 175 (41%) had used at least one type of CAM compared to 29% in 1993. Increases in use were statistically significant for aromatherapy (18% versus 9%), acupuncture (10% versus 6%) and reflexology (9% versus 3%). A greater proportion of 1999 respondents thought CAM should be available on the NHS but a smaller proportion of respondents had concerns about using CAM (25% in 1993 and 20% in 1999). Overall concerns about effectiveness of therapies had increased from 36 to 45%, but fewer individuals were concerned about the cost of therapy in the 1999 survey (52% in 1993 to 22% in 1999). A total of 175 individuals provided details about one CAM they had used. The self-reported primary reasons for using CAM were relief of pain due to headaches or musculoskeletal problems, and for relaxation and relief of stress. The majority of CAM was therapist administered (103/166) as opposed to a bought product. Effectiveness ratings were self-reported but overall 80/166 found CAM very effective and 62/166 partially effective. A total of 65% had consulted their GP about their health problem before using CAM, 59/157 indicated their GP knew they were using CAM and of these, 14 indicated their GP was administering the therapy. The study has provided further baseline data on which to assess trends in CAM use and highlighted issues for patients and the NHS about the use of CAM to relieve health problems. Results indicate a greater proportion of the population of North East Scotland are both aware of and using
Complementary therapies in the management of low back pain: a survey of reflexologists
To investigate current management of low back pain (LBP) by reflexologists. A postal survey of reflexologists (n=500) sampled from the International Institute of Reflexology. The questionnaire used investigated a range of areas including: professional details, reflexology training and practice, views and experiences of reflexology, reflexology and LBP, and views on other complementary therapies. Response rate was 49.6% (n=248). The majority of respondents were female (95%), and were primarily employed within another profession such as nursing or teaching. Respondents perceived reflexology to have a positive effect on relieving LBP (94.3%) and to provide more benefit than simply relaxation. Practitioners also commented on other treatment effects, e.g. improving sleep patterns, decreasing anxiety and stress. It was reported that other healthcare practitioners, including general practitioners, referred patients to reflexologists for treatment. Respondents considered reflexology to be an effective therapy for LBP. Further work is warranted to investigate the potential role of such treatment in the management of this prevalent and intractable condition.
Does reflexology work? Common questions
Is reflexology scientifically proven?
No. The most careful reviews conclude reflexology isn't a proven treatment for any specific medical condition. What the research more consistently supports is relaxation and short-term relief of anxiety and pain. We track 808 studies here, graded by evidence strength, so you can judge for yourself.
Does reflexology actually work?
It depends what you mean. For curing or treating a disease, the evidence doesn't support it. For helping people relax and feel less anxious or in less pain during a session, a number of small studies are positive, including 245 randomized controlled trials and 221 systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this library.
Is reflexology a pseudoscience?
Reflexology's core idea, that specific points on the feet map to distant organs, isn't backed by anatomy or physiology, and that's why critics call it pseudoscience. The relaxation and comfort people feel during a session are real, though. It's best understood as a complementary relaxation practice, not a medical treatment.
What is reflexology best supported for?
The strongest and most consistent evidence is for relaxation and short-term reduction in anxiety and pain, plus some cancer-care symptoms like nausea and fatigue. Evidence for treating specific diseases is weak. Use the evidence-strength filter to sort studies by how solid they are.
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